ࡱ> Z\Y {1bjbjVV .L<<m) hh8D;,f(g~'''''''$^),b ( ( (1'1'1''1''1'1'1'0zSpt!f1''6(0f(1'b,"b,1'b,1' 1'N ( ($bf(b,h q: Teaching Notes for Cape Wind and the Sacred Sunrise of the Wampanoag: A Victory for Whom? By Kathleen M. Saul Learning Objectives: 1. To understand the fundamentals of using the wind and wind turbines to generate electrical power. 2. To become aware of wind projects in operation or under construction in Indian Country. 3. To learn about some of the federal regulations governing and the lengthy information gathering and distribution process associated with the construction of a wind farm. 4. To understand the some of cultural objections that might arise to seemingly desirable renewable energy projects. 5. To appreciate the need for tribes to take a pro-active role in the development of projects which lie off the reservation but could impact tribal lands or values. Intended Audience: This case is appropriate for upper level high school students and students at any level in college, including graduate level students. It is particularly appropriate for courses in environmental or energy studies, natural resource policy, political science, public administration, and Native American Studies. Implementation: Because the discussion questions require students to do research outside of the classroom, this case is best taught over two class periods. During the first class, students would read the case and ask general questions. This might be an appropriate time to open the discussion on Question 1: Was this a victory for Native American rights? At the end of the first class, students would be divided into two groups, one to research wind projects in Indian Country (Discussion Question 2) and the second to examine other situations involving the need to establish the sacredness of sites important to Native Americans (Discussion Question 3). Each group would present its findings during the next class meeting. At the end of that class session, the entire group could revisit the discussion of whether the Cape Wind case should be viewed as a victory for Native American rights, as Linda claimed. For students not familiar with the workings of wind turbines, it might be fun and educational to make pinwheels and observe how the pinwheels interact with wind currents. Instructions for making simple pinwheels can be found on the internet at sites such as  HYPERLINK "http://www.wikihow.com/Make-a-Pinwheel%20" http://www.wikihow.com/Make-a-Pinwheel or  HYPERLINK "http://www.pinwheelsforpeace.com/pinwheeltemplate.html" http://www.pinwheelsforpeace.com/pinwheeltemplate.html Discussion Questions: 1. Was this a victory for Native Americans, or another example of Native rights and traditions being ignored, or something in between? 2. Native American tribes generally support the development of wind power in the U.S. Explore in more detail some of the tribal projects, considering such questions as: Where are the projects located? Have the tribes partnered with outside organizations or agencies? What might be some of the reasons for choosing a partner or for deciding to pursue the project alone? How many turbines does each wind farm have? How much electrical power does each generate? How do the sizes of Native wind project compare with the proposed Cape Wind project? Is the electricity generated by Native wind projects used on the reservation(s) or is it sold off-reservation? What factors might affect which tribes can benefit from the installation of wind turbines on their land? To help answer some of these questions, Appendix II contains a map of the wind speeds in various parts of the U.S. and Appendix III outlines some of the legal issues related to establishing wind farms on tribal lands. 3. The Wampanoag object to the Cape Wind project on two grounds: (1) Because the turbines would spoil their unobstructed view of the rising sun and (2) Because they believe their ancestors once lived and hunted in the area now known as Horseshoe Shoal. However, some of the tribes members counter those claims. In a letter to the Secretary of the U.S. Department of the Interior overseeing the project, tribal member Jeffrey Madison wrote: I believe [the tribes claim of the cultural value of the site] to be a fabrication, invented by a small number of tribal members who happen to be involved in tribal government and who happen to be opponents of Cape Wind . . . I do not believe that they understand that creating ceremony to achieve political objectives undermines the credibility of our legitimate cultural values and our people as a whole (Sigelman, 2010). What type(s) of evidence should be required to establish a site as sacred for a tribe? How much of that evidence? Are there other examples of situations in which tribes were able to convince government agencies, developers, or businesses that a site was indeed sacred and should not be desecrated? What did it take to do that? Do the Wampanoag have enough evidence to substantiate their claims? How does the amount and type of evidence needed to establish a site as sacred compare with the information needed to establish that a project such as Cape Wind will not harm the natural environment? (See Appendix IV for a list of some of the permits and approvals required for Cape Wind.) How might the concerns of the tribes have been better incorporated into the planning process? Into the design of the Cape Wind wind farm? If the Wampanoag and Cape Wind had been able to reach a compromise, what might that have looked like? Field Testing: None to date. Additional Sources: Cape Wind Project Burns, Jim. (2009, June 25) Top of Mind: Jim Gordon, Cape Wind President. Boston Magazine. Accessed June 24, 2010 from  HYPERLINK "http://www.bostonmagazine.com/articles/top_of_mind_jim_gordon/" http://www.bostonmagazine.com/articles/top_of_mind_jim_gordon/ Cape Wind Project May be Test Case of Obama Administrations Promises. (2010, January 11) Indian Country Today. Accessed June 26, 2010 from  HYPERLINK "http://www.indiancountrytoday.com/archive/81138432.html" http://www.indiancountrytoday.com/archive/81138432.html Cape Wind Passes Major Regulatory Milestone. (2005, May 10) Accessed June 24, 2010 from  HYPERLINK "http://www.capewind.org/news375.htm" http://www.capewind.org/news375.htm Cape Wind Sued for Violating Endangered Species Act. (2010, June 25) Indian Country Today. Accessed June 26, 2010 from  HYPERLINK "http://www.indiancountrytoday.com/archive/97173754.com" http://www.indiancountrytoday.com/archive/97173754.com Cassidy, Patrick. (2009, January 27) Coastal Agency Approves Cape Wind Plan. Cape Cod Times. Accessed June 24, 2010 from  HYPERLINK "http://www.capecodonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20090127/NEWS/901270310" http://www.capecodonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20090127/NEWS/901270310 Daley, Beth. (2010, February 19) Tribe Member Challenges Sun Rite in Letter to Salazar. The Boston Globe. Accessed June 24, 2010 from  HYPERLINK "http://www.boston.com/local/massachusetts/articles/2010/02/19/tribe-member-challenges-sun-rite-in-letter-to-salazar/" http://www.boston.com/local/massachusetts/articles/2010/02/19/tribe-member-challenges-sun-rite-in-letter-to-salazar/ Dennehy, Kevin. (2005, April 14) Energy Agency Applauds Wind Farm. Cape Cod Times. Accessed June 24, 1010 from  HYPERLINK "http://archive/capecodonline.com/special/windfarm/energyagency14.htm" http://archive/capecodonline.com/special/windfarm/energyagency14.htm First U.S. Offshore Wind Facility Gets OK in Nantucket Sound. (2009, January 19) Accessed June 24, 2010 from http://www.opposingviews.com/i/first-u-s-offshore-wind-facility-gets-ok-in-nantucket-sound Interior Secretary has Wind Power on Agenda. (2009, March 9) Accessed June 24, 2010 HYPERLINK "../AppData/Local/AppData/Local/Temp/from http:/www.msnbc.com/id/29602680/"from http://www.msnbc.com/id/29602680/ Little, Amanda. (2006, January 12) RFK Jr. and Other Prominent Enviros Face Off Over Cape Cod Wind Farm. Accessed June 24, 2010 from  HYPERLINK "http://www.grist.org/article/capecod" http://www.grist.org/article/capecod MA (sic) Governor Deval Patrick Responds to Historic Preservation Decision. (2009, November 8) Retrieved June 24, 2010 from  HYPERLINK "http://www.capewind.org/news1020.htm" http://www.capewind.org/news1020.htm Seccombe, Mike. (2010, January 15) Island Tribe, Cape Wind Resist Plan to Relocate Turbines to Tuckernuck. Accessed June 24, 2010 from  HYPERLINK "http://www.mvgazette.com/article" http://www.mvgazette.com/article Seelye, Katharine. Regulators Approve First Offshore Wind Farm in U.S. (2010, April 26) The New York Times. Retrieved June 25, 2010 from  HYPERLINK "http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/29/us/29wind.html" http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/29/us/29wind.html Zeller, Tom. (2010, April 26) Cape Cod Project is Crucial Step for U.S. Wind Industry. The New York Times. Retrieved June 24, 2010 from  HYPERLINK "http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/27/business/energy-environment/27wind.html" http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/27/business/energy-environment/27wind.html Wind Power Landry, Alysa. (2008, January 21) Solar, Wind Project Brings Electricity to Navajo Homes. Indian Country Today. Retrieved June 26, 2010 from  HYPERLINK "http://www.indiancountrytoday.com/archive/28404709.html" http://www.indiancountrytoday.com/archive/28404709.html Tribes Push for Change in Federal Policy for Wind Development. (2008, March 24) Indian Country Today. Accessed June 26, 2010 from  HYPERLINK "http://www.indiancountrytoday.com/archive/28409189.html" http://www.indiancountrytoday.com/archive/28409189.html Wind Farm Health and Environment. (2009, November 8) Indian Country Today. Accessed June 26, 2010 from  HYPERLINK "http://www.indiancountrytoday.com/archive/69373272.html" http://www.indiancountrytoday.com/archive/69373272.html Wind Power Videos On Dancing Air: The Story of Wind Power.  HYPERLINK "http://www.livescience.com/common/media/video/player.php?aid=22674" http://www.livescience.com/common/media/video/player.php?aid=22674 The Truth About Wind Power.  HYPERLINK "http://www.time.com/time/video/player/0,32068,27456914001_1907002,00.html" http://www.time.com/time/video/player/0,32068,27456914001_1907002,00.html San Francisco Peaks Save the Peaks Coalition.  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