ࡱ> TVS _ bjbj .6rr_,.,KHfZZZZZ555GGGGGGG$IcLZG55555GZZH]]]5:ZZG]5G]]CXGZ@|-toZD(GH0KHDLlLPGLG55]55555GG]555KH5555L555555555 : Teaching Notes Darkness to Dawn: Columbia River Native Tribes Science and Salmon Restoration Success By Brian Footen Learning Outcomes: Students will understand the landscape of the Columbia River Region. Students will understand that the history of salmon in relation to the Columbia River changes over time. Students will learn about the history of native people and their relation to the changes that took place in the Columbia over time. Students will be able to describe how the river changed and what people did to change the river. Students will learn about how the dams and habitat changes in the river impacted salmon. Students will see how in spite of degraded habitat and political obstacles the Nez Perce Tribe was able to restore a near-extinct run of salmon. Students will be challenged to think about: What the region, the west coast, and the world would be like without the benefits brought by the mechanization of the river. What the costs are to the salmon and the native people who have depended upon them. How it is possible to use science and technology to modify nature so that it coincides with a highly-altered and developed ecosystem. Key Concepts: Salmon, Columbia River, Dams, Hatcheries, Overfishing, Environmental Policy Intended Audience: Appropriate for students at any level in college classes, including graduate students. Especially appropriate for classes in environmental studies, natural resource policy, economics, political science, sociology, anthropology, public administration and American Indian/Alaska Native Studies. Assessment: Student learning can be assessed in a variety of ways, often involving producing some written response to the case such as a reflective essay, position paper, etc. A short in class series of questions is one simple way to gather information on individual learning. In addition, it is often useful to ask them to do a written assessment of their group's work together on the case as well as the case itself. See the Enduring Legacies website for additional suggestions. Discussion Questions: The Early River Describe the Columbia River landscape that Lewis and Clark encountered. What are some of the geologic features of the river that make it a great place for salmon that also make it a great place for hydropower? What was the relationship between the Nez Perce culture and the river? What role did canneries play in creating a need for hatcheries? What impact did the ability to preserve salmon have on the early inhabitants of the Columbia River? What was the purpose of the Lewis and Clark expedition? What was significant about the treaty the Nez Perce signed with United States? The River as a Machine What purpose do the dams on the Columbia River fulfill? What are the negative impact of the dams on salmon habitat and survival? What role did the Columbia play in WWII? The dams on the Columbia River provide energy, a navigation channel, irrigation, and flood control. Describe how each has helped pave a path for Western expansion. Salmon Recovery Describe the role of Nez Perce in Columbia River salmon management. Who is the CRITFC and what do they do? Historically how have hatcheries negatively impacted salmon survival? What is the HSRG and what did it do? What role has the Hagerman Laboratory played in Chinook recovery? What practice did the Nez Perce employ to help recover Chinook and why was it controversial? The Poem and Song See appendix for full text of the Woody Guthrie song Roll on Columbia. Discuss how the lyrics capture the complexities of the early and modern Columbia River and the challenges faced by the Nez Perce to maintain healthy salmon populations. In PowWow at the End of the World a message is being conveyed that is not all that different from the one conveyed by the Woody Guthrie song. Both are talking about how the river helps people. The big question is who the river is helping and who gets to choose how the river is used. One use is a free flowing system that supports salmon and native culture; the other is as a machine that provides resources and energy for the expansion of western culture. How can we have both? Alternative Teaching Approach: Write a poem about the Columbia River from one of these perspectives: The River as a natural system The River as a machine/tool The River as a tool that works with nature Appendix I Roll On Columbia Woody Guthrie 1941 "Green Douglas firs where the waters cut through. Down her wild mountains and canyons she flew. Canadian Northwest to the ocean so blue, Roll on, Columbia, roll On!" "Other great rivers add power to you, Yakima, Snake, and the Klickitat, too, Sandy, Willamette, and Hood River, too; Roll on Columbia, roll On!" "Tom Jefferson's vision would not let him rest, An empire he saw in the Pacific Northwest. Sent Lewis and Clark and they did the rest; Roll on, Columbia, Roll On" "It's there on your banks that you fought many a fight, Sheridan's boys in the block house that night, They saw us in death, but never in flight; Roll on, Columbia, Roll On!" "Our loved ones we lost there at Coe's little store, By fireball and rifle, a dozen or more, We won by the Mary and soldiers she bore; Roll on, Columbia, Roll On!" Remember the trial when the battle was won, The wild Indian warriors to the tall timber run, We hung every Indian with smoke in his gun; Roll on Columbia, Roll On! "Year after year we had tedious trials, Fighting the rapids at Cascades and Dalles. The Injuns rest peaceful on Memaloose Isle; Roll on, Columbia, Roll On!" "At Bonneville now there are ships in the locks, The waters have risen and cleared all the rocks, Ship loads of plenty will steam past the docks, So, Roll On, Columbia, Roll On!" "And on up the river is Grand Coulee Dam, The mightiest thing ever built by a man, To run these great factories and water the land, It's roll on, Columbia, roll on." Roll on Columbia Roll On, "These mighty men labored by day and by night, Matching their strength 'gainst the river's wild flight, Through rapids and falls they won the hard fight, Roll on, Columbia, roll on." Roll on Columbia Roll On. Your Power is turning our Darkness to Dawn, So Roll on Columbia, Roll On hz= H $ C | }   = S ? 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